Sains Malaysiana
52(11)(2023): 3013-3026
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5211-01
Identification of Mud Volcano’s
Structure using Gravity Satellite and Fault Fracture Density Analysis: Case
Study: Ciuyah Mud Volcano, Kuningan,
West Java
(Pengenalpastian Struktur Gunung Berapi Lumpur menggunakan Satelit Graviti dan Analisis Ketumpatan Fraktur Sesar: Kajian Kes: Gunung Berapi Lumpur Ciuyah, Kuningan, Jawa Barat)
ELEONORA
AGUSTINE1,*, KRISHNA AGRA PRANATIKTA1, MUHAMMAD ABDILLAH
BUDIANTO1, MARIYANTO2, MIMIN IRIYANTI3, CAHYO
AJI HAPSORO4 & RINA DWI INDRIANA5
1Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia
2Geophysical Engineering Study
Program, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Earth Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember
Institute of Technology, Indonesia
3Physics Study Program, Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education, Indonesia University of Education,
Indonesia
4Physics Study Program, Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang, Indonesia
5Physics Study Program, Faculty of
Science and Mathematics, University of Diponegoro, Indonesia
Diserahkan: 6 Disember 2022/Diterima:
3 November 2023
Abstract
Mud
volcanoes, known as mud extrusion phenomenon, is a geological feature that
expels suspended fine-grained sedimentary materials and fluids to the surface
due to buoyancy and pressure difference. This geological feature is found
almost all over the world and formed in compressional tectonic environments,
one of which is the Ciuyah Mud Volcano, Kuningan, Indonesia. Previous studies
have shown that the appearance of the mud volcano was influenced by tectonic
activity that formed a ‘hypothetical’ fault structure as a pathway for mud
migration and extrusion to the surface. Integration of geophysical studies
using satellite gravity and geology using fault fracture density analysis was
conducted to prove the existence of the ‘hypothetical’ fault structure. The
results show that the mud volcano site is located in a low to high gravity anomaly
pattern associated with significant density contrast differentiation followed
by the maximum value of FHD and low-high SVD pattern oriented west southwest -
east northeast (WSW - ENE). The gravity anomaly pattern can be associated with
the presence of faults. This is reinforced by the fault fracture density map
which shows that the mud volcano site is located in a medium to high fracture
density zone (weak zone) associated with good permeability conditions below the
surface. Thus, the research results have proven the existence of a
‘hypothetical’ fault as the migration and extrusion pathway of Ciuyah Mud
Volcano mud that has been studied previously.
Keywords: Ciuyah Mud Volcano; fault fracture
density; GGMPlus; gravity methods
Abstrak
Gunung berapi lumpur yang
dikenali sebagai fenomena penyemperitan lumpur adalah ciri geologi yang
mengeluarkan bahan sedimen halus yang digantung dan cecair ke permukaan kerana
perbezaan keapungan dan tekanan. Ciri geologi ini terdapat hampir di seluruh
dunia dan terbentuk dalam persekitaran tektonik mampatan, salah satunya ialah
Gunung Lumpur Ciuyah, Kuningan, Indonesia. Hasil penyelidikan terdahulu
menunjukkan bahawa kemunculan gunung berapi lumpur dipengaruhi oleh aktiviti
tektonik yang membentuk struktur kesalahan ‘hipotetikal’ sebagai laluan
penghijrahan dan penyemperitan lumpur ke permukaan. Integrasi kajian geofizik
menggunakan graviti dan daya geologi menggunakan analisis ketumpatan patah
kerosakan telah dijalankan untuk membuktikan kewujudan struktur kesalahan ‘hipotetikal’.
Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa tapak gunung berapi lumpur berada dalam corak
anomali graviti rendah hingga tinggi yang berkaitan dengan pembezaan kontras
ketumpatan yang ketara diikuti oleh nilai FHD maksimum dan corak SVD tinggi
rendah berorientasikan barat daya - timur laut (WSW - ENE). Corak graviti
anomali sedemikian boleh dikaitkan dengan kehadiran kesalahan. Ini
diperkukuhkan oleh peta ketumpatan patah kerosakan yang menunjukkan tapak
gunung berapi lumpur yang terletak di zon ketumpatan patah sederhana hingga
tinggi yang berkaitan dengan keadaan kebolehtelapan yang baik di bawah
permukaan. Oleh itu, hasil kajian telah membuktikan kewujudan kesalahan
‘hipotetikal’ sebagai laluan penghijrahan dan penyemperitan untuk lumpur Lumpur
Gunung Berapi Ciuyah yang telah dikaji sebelum ini.
Kata kunci: GGMPlus; Gunung Lumpur
Ciuyah; kaedah graviti; ketumpatan fraktur sesar
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: eleonora.agustine@unpad.ac.id
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